Yes. PST® evolved from decades of scientific development in periodontal and mucogingival surgery. It incorporates established principles such as tissue release, preservation of vascularity, and biologic wound healing, representing a refinement of minimally invasive approaches rather than a departure from conventional periodontal care.

The Pinhole® Surgical Technique (PST®) was developed by John Chao, DDS, a practicing clinician and researcher. Dr. Chao introduced PST® after years of clinical refinement, has published long-term outcomes in peer-reviewed dental literature, and has trained dentists in the technique through formal educational programs.

The primary difference is the method of access and tissue management. Traditional gingival graft surgery typically requires surgical incisions, sutures, and often donor tissue harvesting. PST® is performed through small access points (“pinhole” openings) and repositions existing gingival tissue without donor sites, surgical incisions, or sutures, while preserving blood supply to support biologic wound healing.

In addition, PST® is performed as a full-thickness flap, which is intended to minimize tissue trauma and preserve vascular support. Compared with split-thickness approaches (which may reduce vascularity to portions of the mobilized tissues), a full-thickness approach is designed to maintain more complete blood supply—supporting biologic healing and tissue stability.

The choice between techniques depends on clinical findings, patient preferences, and treatment goals.

No. Treating multiple teeth—or an entire arch—in a single session is a common and intentional feature of PST®. Because PST® is performed through small access openings and does not require donor tissue harvesting, broader regions can often be addressed efficiently, allowing single-arch or dual-arch regions to be treated efficiently in a single visit when clinically appropriate.

Like grafting, PST® may be used for mild, moderate, and severe gingival recession, depending on case-specific factors. No single method treats every case, and appropriate candidacy must be determined clinically. In general, if grafting would be considered an appropriate treatment option, PST® may also be considered, depending on diagnosis.

The primary objectives commonly include long-term tissue stability, root protection, and augmentation of gingival phenotype (increased thickness). The final gingival margin position (“gumline”) is determined primarily by tissue phenotype and biologic wound-healing response, rather than operator “placement” alone.

Overcorrection may be utilized to allow the biology and phenotype to express the final margin position during healing.

Approximately 4,000 dentists worldwide have completed certification in the Pinhole® Surgical Technique (PST®). Of these, about 1,000 are specialists, including periodontists. Training has been conducted personally by Dr. John Chao, the inventor of the technique.

Peer-reviewed clinical research and long-term follow-up data indicate that PST® can provide stable outcomes over time when performed on appropriately selected patients and supported by periodontal maintenance. PST® was first reported in the International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry (IJPRD) in 2012, and a long-term retrospective follow-up published January 14, 2025 in the same journal reported sustained clinical outcomes at an average follow-up of 14.5 years in Class I–II recession sites, supporting long-term predictability within the limitations of that study design.

Long-term stability is supported by normal biologic healing and remodeling—particularly when gingival thickness is maintained, inflammation is controlled, and the patient follows consistent oral hygiene with regular professional periodontal maintenance.

No. Gingival recession may be a visible manifestation of underlying periodontal breakdown and loss of supporting tissues. Root exposure can increase vulnerability to biofilm retention, root caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and progression of attachment loss in susceptible patients. Treating recession is therefore often important for long-term periodontal stability and tooth prognosis, in addition to aesthetics.

The cost of PST® varies based on the extent of treatment, number of teeth involved, case complexity. Fees are generally comparable to established mucogingival grafting procedures. Patients may find it helpful to review typical grafting fee ranges in their area and then discuss individualized treatment planning and cost estimates following a clinical evaluation.

Insurance coverage varies by plan terms, exclusions, deductibles, annual maximums, and documentation requirements. Coverage for treatment of gingival recession is often determined by diagnosis and medical necessity rather than the specific technique used. Verification with the individual plan is recommended, and many dental offices offer payment options to help patients manage out-of-pocket costs.

PST® is technique-sensitive and requires specialized training and instrumentation. Formal training supports appropriate diagnosis and case selection, careful tissue handling, and predictable outcomes while minimizing complications.